What disciplines are involved in building a cleanroom?
2026-06-10
A cleanroom is generally built within the main civil engineering framework. Qualified decorative materials are used to partition and fit out the space in line with process requirements, forming cleanrooms that meet diverse application standards.
Pollution control inside cleanrooms requires joint work by professionals in purification air conditioning and automatic control. For hospital clean operating rooms, medical gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide need to be delivered into the rooms. For pharmaceutical clean workshops, process piping and drainage specialists are also needed to supply deionized water and compressed air for production, and discharge wastewater out of the clean area.
It is evident that the construction of a cleanroom relies on the collaboration of the following disciplines and trades.
The required disciplines are as follows:
- Civil Engineering
Construct the external enclosure structure of the cleanroom.
- Purification and Air Conditioning Engineering
Build a system consisting of purification air conditioning units, ducts, valves and accessories to regulate indoor temperature, humidity, cleanliness, air velocity, pressure difference and air quality.
- Automatic Control and Electrical Engineering
Undertake wiring for lighting and power supply, as well as installation of lamps, switches and sockets. Cooperate with the purification and air conditioning team to realize automatic control of temperature, humidity, air supply, return air, exhaust air and indoor pressure difference.
- Process Piping Engineering
Pipelines and accessories deliver required gases and liquids into the cleanroom as specified. Galvanized steel pipes, stainless steel pipes and copper pipes are commonly used for distribution. All exposed pipes inside the cleanroom shall be stainless steel. Deionized water pipelines must adopt internally and externally polished sanitary stainless steel pipes.
- Special Decoration Engineering
Cleanroom decoration differs greatly from that of civil buildings. Civil buildings focus on visual effects, diverse styles and layered designs such as European and Chinese styles. By contrast, cleanrooms impose strict requirements on decoration materials: non-dusting, dust-repellent, easy to clean, corrosion-resistant, tolerant to disinfectant wiping, with minimal or tightly sealed joints.
Stringent construction standards are also applied. Wall panels shall be flat with tight, smooth joints and no irregular protrusions. All internal and external corners shall be rounded with a radius over 50 millimeters. Windows shall be flush with walls, and no protruding skirting boards are allowed. Airtight ceiling-mounted purification lights shall be used with all gaps fully sealed. Flooring shall be monolithically constructed with non-dusting materials, featuring a flat, smooth, anti-slip and anti-static surface.
To sum up, cleanroom construction is a systematic project requiring close collaboration across multiple disciplines and trades. Any flaw in a single link will compromise the overall construction quality.
